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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(2): 109-115, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582411

ABSTRACT

Surgical-site infection (SSI) is the most prevalent type of hospital infection in surgical patients and is associated with an increase in hospital stay, costs and morbidity/lethality. The knowledge of the main risk factors for this type of infection is important for the establishment of prevention measures regarding modifiable risks factors. The objective of the preset study was to assess the occurrence of SSI and study the risk factors in oncologic surgeries of the digestive system at Hospital de Câncer in Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil. Individuals undergoing oncologic surgeries of the digestive system in the period of 08/01/2007 to 08/10/2008 were prospectively followed for 30 days after surgery. Possible risk factors related to the patient and to the surgical procedure were also studied. A total of 210 surgeries were analyzed, with a global SSI incidence of 23.8 percent. The following variables were independently associated with SSI: time and type of surgery, radiotherapy before surgery and surgeon's years of experience. The risk factors found in this study have been described by other authors and are not amenable to intervention for SSI prevention. Further studies are recommended with the objective of investigating interventions that could reduce the risk for SSI in this type of surgery.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Digestive System Neoplasms/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Brazil , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2003. 118 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1379219

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo de caráter epidemiológico, tipo coorte, prospectivo, realizado no Serviço de Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo (CAD), em dois hospitais gerais de ensino, da cidade de São Paulo. Teve por objetivo geral: desenvolver um índice preditivo de risco, para a infecção do sitio cirúrgico (ISC), em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia do aparelho digestivo e comparar sua capacidade preditiva com o índice de risco do National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS). Os objetivos específicos foram: determinar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico intra-hospitalar e após a alta, avaliar os possíveis fatores de risco para ISC: idade, sexo, procedimento cirúrgico realizado, condição de realização da cirurgia, condição clínica do paciente (Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia - ASA), obesidade (Índice de Massa Corpórea - IMC), presença de neoplasia, classificação da ferida operatória, duração do procedimento cirúrgico, uso de antibioticoterapia, permanência pré-operatória, gravidade da doença de base do paciente, uso de anestesia, cirurgia laparoscópica, além de validar o índice de risco NNIS e compará-lo com o modelo alternativo. Todos os pacientes submetidos a CAD, no período de agosto de 2001 a março de 2002 foram acompanhados, de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pela metodologia NNIS, durante a internação e após a alta hospitalar, até o trigésimo dia da data da cirurgia, por retorno ambulatorial e contato telefônico. No período do estudo, obteve-se uma incidência global de ISC de 24,5%; foram notificadas 149 ISC, sendo 33 (22,1%) durante a internação e 116 (77,9%) após alta hospitalar. Considerando, apenas a incidência intra-hospitalar da ISC, esta foi apenas 5,4%. Em relação aos possíveis fatores de risco para ISC, estiveram associados à sua ocorrência na análise univariada: unidade, obesidade, risco cirurgia, duração ajustada, cirurgia laparoscópica, potencial de contaminação, anestesia e o ) uso de antibiótico. Todas estas variáveis mostraram-se estatisticamente significativas à ocorrência da ISC, p<0,05. Para a análise multivariada, pela regressão logística foram incluídas todas as variáveis que apresentaram um valor de p<0,20: unidade, obesidade, risco cirurgia, duração ajustada, cirurgia laparoscópica, potencial de contaminação, anestesia, uso de antibiótico, tipo de cirurgia. No entanto, perderam a significância estatística: unidade, anestesia, uso de antibiótico, tipo de cirurgia. Para construção do modelo alternativo, foram incluídas: obesidade, risco cirurgia, duração ajustada, cirurgia laparoscópica e potencial de contaminação. Na validação do Modelo NNIS, foi incluída a variável ASA, por ser parte constituinte do mesmo e pela sua importância epidemiológica. Após a construção do modelo na validação do índice de risco NNIS, verificou-se que o mesmo mostrou pouco preditivo à ocorrência da ISC, na amostra estudada, sendo avaliado em relação ao ajuste dos dados, pelo teste de adequação de Hosmer-Lemeshow e pelo poder de discriminação obtido pela curva ROC, [(0,652); 0,627; IC 95,0% 0,575 - 0,678]; modelo alternativo [(0.895); 0,753; IC 95,0% 0,708 - 0,799]. A validação do modelo alternativo não se constituiu objetivo deste estudo, mas foi verificada melhor área sob a curva e, portanto, melhor acurácia em relação ao Modelo NNIS. Os resultados deste estudo oferecem aos profissionais do controle de infecção hospitalar novas perspectivas para continuidade da busca de um índice de risco do paciente de cirurgia do aparelho digestivo e que apresente maior acurácia em relação ao atualmente adotado, considerando as peculiaridades dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados.


It was a prospective and epidemiologic study, type cohort, in the Surgery of digestive System (SDS) Service, accomplished at two teaching general hospitals, in São Paulo. The general objective of this study was: to develop a predictive risk index for the surgical site infection (SSI), in patients that went into surgery of digestive system, and to compare its capacity of prediction with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) Risk Index; and the specific objectives were: to determine the incidence of the surgical site infection in-hospital and after discharge; to evaluate the possible risk factors for SSI: age, sex, condition of surgery completion, patient's clinical condition (American Society Anesthesiology - ASA), obesity (Corporeal Mass Index - CMI), presence of neoplasia, classification of the surgical wound, duration of the surgical procedure, antibiotic therapy, preoperative permanence, and the severity of the base disease, anesthetic use, laparoscopy surgery; and also to validate the NNIS Risk Index and to evaluate the power prediction of the alternative model. All patients that went into the SDS, since august 2001 until march 2002, were accompanied, in concordance with the criterion established by NNIS methodology, during the stay in-hospital and after the discharge, until the thirtieth day after the surgery date, by ambulatory return and phone contact. In the period of study, it was obtained a SSI global incidence of 24,5%, 149 SSI were notified, being 33 (22,1%) during the stay, and 116 (77,9%) after discharge. Considering just the intra-hospitalar SSI incidence, it was only 5,4%. In relation to the possible risk factors for SSI, in the univariate analysis, there were associated to its occurrence: unit, obesity, surgery risk, adjusted duration, laparoscopy surgery and potential of contamination, anesthesia and antibiotic therapy. All these variables were statistically significant for the occurrence of SSI, p<0,05. For the multivariate analysis, through the logistic regression, were included all variables that presented a p<0,20: unit, obesity, surgery risk, adjusted duration, laparoscopy surgery, potential of contamination, anesthetizes and the antibiotic therapy, surgery type. However, the following variables lost statistical significance: unit, anesthesia, antibiotic therapy, surgery type. For the construction of the Alternative model were included: obesity, surgery risk, adjusted duration, laparoscopy surgery, and potential of contamination. In the NNIS model validation, the variable ASA was included, for being constituent part of NNIS, and for its epidemiologic importance. After the construction of the model, in the validation of the NNIS Risk Index, it was verified that this index showed little power prediction for the occurrence of SSI in the studied sample, evaluated in relation to the adjustment of the data, through the Hosmer-Lemeshow adaptation test and by the discrimination power obtained with the ROC curve [(0,652); 0,627; IC95% 0,575 - 0,678]; Alternative model [(0.895); 0,753; IC95% 0,708 - 0,799]. Although it didn't constitute an objective of this study to validate the Alternative model, it presented a better area under the ROC curve, and, therefore, better accuracy in comparison with the NNIS model. The results of this study provide for the professionals of nosocomial infection control new perspectives for continuing the search of a risk index for patients that went into the surgery of digestive system, looking for the one that presents larger accuracy, in comparison to the one now adopted, considering the peculiarities of the surgical procedures realized.


Subject(s)
Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Cross Infection , Risk Factors , Epidemiological Monitoring
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